Telematics insurance

Category: Motor · Reviewed by Taylor Watts, Broker · New Business · Last reviewed 2026-06-05

Telematics insurance

Telematics insurance is a form of UK motor insurance in which the premium and, in some products, the ongoing rate are determined by data collected from a device installed in the insured vehicle or from a smartphone application, with rating based on actual driving behaviour rather than aggregated demographic factors alone.

Category: Motor Also known as: usage-based motor insurance, UBI, smart motor insurance First codified: UK market product from the late 2000s; no statutory framework specific to telematics Related legislation: Financial Conduct Authority Handbook, ICOBS; UK GDPR; Data Protection Act 2018 Apex Wiki link: /wiki/telematics-insurance/

Definition

Telematics insurance is a form of UK motor insurance in which the rating, ongoing premium adjustments, or both, are based on data collected from a device installed in the vehicle (commonly referred to as a black box) or from a smartphone application installed on the policyholder’s mobile device. The data typically includes speed, acceleration, braking, cornering, journey times of day, journey distances and (in some products) location [1].

Telematics products are sometimes called ‘usage-based insurance’ (UBI) in international markets, or ‘smart insurance’ or ‘connected motor insurance’ in UK marketing. The common feature is that some part of the premium calculation reflects the actual behaviour of the insured driver, rather than relying solely on the broader demographic, vehicle and use risk factors used in traditional motor insurance pricing.

The principal commercial variants in the UK retail market are:

Telematics insurance is most strongly represented in the young-driver and inexperienced-driver segments, where it provides insurers with risk information that compensates for the absence of established claims history and often reduces the premium charged to lower-risk drivers in those segments. It is also used in fleet and commercial vehicle markets.

Legal / Regulatory basis

There is no specific UK statute governing telematics insurance. The product is regulated under the general framework that applies to all motor insurance and to all general insurance distribution:

Data protection is the area of greatest regulatory specificity:

The ICO has investigated several telematics insurers’ data processing practices and has published guidance on connected vehicles [6]. In particular, telematics insurers must:

Discrimination law (Equality Act 2010) is relevant where telematics rating produces materially different outcomes for protected characteristics; insurers must be able to justify rating decisions on legitimate underwriting grounds.

How it works in practice

A typical telematics policy operates as follows:

  1. Inception. The policyholder buys a motor insurance policy and, depending on the product, has a black box device fitted to the vehicle or installs a smartphone app. Some insurers also require an OBD device or a Bluetooth beacon.
  2. Data collection. The device records driving data continuously or per journey. Typical data points include speed, acceleration profile, harsh braking events, cornering, journey time, journey duration, journey distance, and (commonly) location.
  3. Scoring. The insurer applies a proprietary scoring algorithm to convert the raw data into a driving score, typically on a 0–100 scale. The score is updated over the policy term.
  4. Feedback. Most telematics products provide the policyholder with a dashboard (in the smartphone app or online portal) showing their score and identifying areas for improvement.
  5. Premium adjustment. Some products adjust the premium monthly or quarterly based on the score; others use the score only at renewal. Some products impose curfews (no driving between specified hours) with penalties for breaches.
  6. Renewal. At renewal, the accumulated telematics data informs the new premium, alongside other underwriting factors.

Curfew and mileage-based products typically charge per-mile or per-event premiums in addition to a base subscription. A driver exceeding a stated annual mileage may face a top-up premium; a driver breaking a curfew may face an additional charge per breach.

The policyholder’s claims experience continues to affect no claims discount in the normal way, regardless of telematics score.

Privacy concerns include: the granularity of location data collected; the retention period for telematics data; the use of telematics data in claims handling (including the use of data showing speeding or harsh braking immediately before a collision); and the sharing of data with third parties (such as the insurer’s reinsurers or fraud-prevention databases).

For brokers, the demands-and-needs analysis under ICOBS 5 should specifically explore whether the customer is willing to accept ongoing data collection and whether their driving pattern is suited to a telematics product. The Consumer Duty requires the broker to consider whether the product delivers fair value for the specific customer.

Common variations

The UK telematics market includes several distinct product types:

In the commercial market, fleet telematics has been mainstream since the early 2000s. Fleet telematics has additional uses beyond pricing — fuel efficiency monitoring, route optimisation, driver behaviour management — and is often a condition of the insurer’s underwriting acceptance for larger fleets.

In the EEA, telematics-based personal motor insurance is most developed in Italy (where market penetration of UBI products exceeds 20 per cent) and is growing across other markets. The US market has seen rapid growth in app-based UBI products from Progressive, GEICO, State Farm and Allstate.

Example

An illustrative example: a 19-year-old who has held a full UK driving licence for six months proposes for comprehensive motor insurance. A traditional non-telematics quotation returns £2,800 per annum. A telematics black box quotation returns £1,650 per annum, with the box installed within seven days of inception.

After three months of driving, the policyholder has a telematics score of 78 out of 100. The insurer’s algorithm identifies harsh braking events as the principal area for improvement. The policyholder reviews the dashboard, adjusts driving behaviour, and after a further three months the score has improved to 85.

At the six-month point, the insurer applies a mid-term premium reduction of £85 reflecting the improved score; the saving is credited to the next monthly direct debit. At renewal, the insurer offers a £1,400 premium based on the accumulated telematics data; the policyholder accepts.

If, instead, the policyholder had received warnings for speeding events and a curfew breach, the insurer might have applied a mid-term premium increase, cancelled the policy under the telematics terms or declined to offer renewal. Figures are illustrative only.

See also

References

  1. Association of British Insurers, motor insurance guidance. https://www.abi.org.uk/products-and-issues/topics-and-issues/motor-insurance/
  2. Road Traffic Act 1988, Part VI. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/52/part/VI
  3. FCA Handbook, ICOBS. https://www.handbook.fca.org.uk/handbook/ICOBS/
  4. FCA Policy Statement 21/5 (May 2021). https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/policy-statements/ps21-5-general-insurance-pricing-practices-amendments
  5. UK GDPR (the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/419
  6. Information Commissioner’s Office, guidance on connected and autonomous vehicles. https://ico.org.uk/

This entry is part of the Apex Insurance Wiki. Last reviewed by Matt Bartlett on 2026-06-05. Next review: 2026-12-05.

Apex Insurance Brokers Limited. Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, FRN 724952. Registered in England and Wales, Companies House 07014570. This entry provides general information about UK insurance concepts and is not regulated advice. Consult your insurance broker on your specific position.

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